攪拌車剎車失靈的原因及介紹
造成剎車失靈的原因很多，一是對剎車系統(tǒng)缺乏必要的保養(yǎng)，剎車總泵里雜質(zhì)太多、密封不嚴(yán)、真空助力泵失效、剎車油過臟或幾種剎車油混合使用受熱后出現(xiàn)氣阻、剎車總泵或分泵漏油、儲氣罐或管路接口漏氣；二是由于操作不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致機(jī)件失靈，如長時間下坡會使剎車片摩擦生熱、剎車轂炭化、剎車功能完全失效；三是由于嚴(yán)重超載，在重力加速度的作用下，加大了車輛運(yùn)動慣性，直接導(dǎo)致剎車失靈。
There are many reasons for brake failure. First, there is a lack of necessary maintenance for the brake system. There are too many impurities in the brake master cylinder, the seal is not tight, the vacuum booster pump fails, the brake oil is too dirty or several brake oils are mixed. After heating, there is air resistance, oil leakage from the brake master cylinder or sub cylinder, and air leakage from the air storage tank or pipeline interface; Second, due to improper operation, the machine parts fail. For example, if it goes downhill for a long time, the friction heat of the brake pad, the carbonization of the brake hub and the complete failure of the brake function will be caused; Third, due to serious overload, under the action of gravity acceleration, the vehicle motion inertia is increased, which directly leads to brake failure.
1、根據(jù)路況和車速控制好方向，脫開高速擋，同時迅速轟一腳空油，將高速擋換入低速擋。這樣，發(fā)動機(jī)會有很大的牽引阻力使車速迅速降低。另外，在換低速擋的同時，應(yīng)結(jié)合使用手剎，但要注意手剎不能拉緊不放，也不能拉得太慢。如果拉得太緊，容易使制動盤抱死，很可能損壞傳動機(jī)件而喪失制動能力；如果拉得太慢，會使制動盤磨損燒蝕而失去制動作用。
1. Control the direction according to the road conditions and vehicle speed, disengage the high-speed gear, quickly blow a foot of empty oil at the same time, and shift the high-speed gear into the low-speed gear. In this way, the engine will have great traction resistance and reduce the speed rapidly. In addition, when shifting to low gear, the hand brake should be used in combination, but it should be noted that the hand brake cannot be tightened or pulled too slowly. If it is pulled too tightly, it is easy to lock the brake disc, which is likely to damage the transmission parts and lose the braking capacity; If it is pulled too slowly, the brake disc will be worn and ablated and lose the braking effect.
2、利用車的保險杠、車廂等剛性部位與路邊的天然障礙物摩擦、碰撞，達(dá)到強(qiáng)行停車脫險的目的，盡可能地減少事故損失。
2. The bumper, carriage and other rigid parts of the car are used to rub and collide with the natural obstacles on the roadside, so as to achieve the purpose of forced parking and escape, and reduce the accident loss as much as possible.
3、上坡時出現(xiàn)剎車失靈，應(yīng)適時減入中低擋，保持足夠的動力駛上坡頂停車。如需半坡停車，應(yīng)保持前進(jìn)低擋位，拉緊手制動，隨車人員及時用石塊、墊木等物卡住車輪。如有后滑現(xiàn)象，車尾應(yīng)朝向山坡或一面，并打開大燈和緊急信號燈，引起前后車輛的注意。
3. In case of brake failure when going uphill, reduce to medium and low gear in time to maintain sufficient power to drive up the slope top and stop. If it is necessary to stop on a half slope, keep the forward low gear, tighten the hand brake, and the accompanying personnel shall timely block the wheels with stones, skids and other objects. In case of rear sliding, the rear of the vehicle should face the hillside or safe side, and turn on the headlights and emergency signal lights to attract the attention of the front and rear vehicles.
4、下坡剎車失靈，不能利用車輛本身的機(jī)件控制車速時，駕駛員應(yīng)果斷地利用天然障礙物，如路旁的巖石、大樹等，給汽車造成阻力。如果一時找不到合適的地形、物體可以利用，緊急情況下可將車身的一側(cè)向山邊靠攏，以摩擦來增加阻力，逐漸地降低車速。
4. When the downhill brake fails and the vehicle cannot use its own parts to control the speed, the driver should decisively use natural obstacles, such as rocks and trees along the road, to cause resistance to the vehicle. If you can't find suitable terrain and objects for use at the moment, one side of the car body can be close to the mountain side in case of emergency, so as to increase the resistance by friction and gradually reduce the speed.
攪拌車車輛在下長坡、陡坡時不管有無情況都應(yīng)該踩一下剎車。既可以檢驗剎車性能，也可以在發(fā)現(xiàn)剎車失靈時贏得控制車速的時間，也稱為預(yù)見性剎車。
When the mixer truck goes down a long slope or steep slope, it should step on the brake whether there is any condition or not. It can not only test the brake performance, but also win the time to control the speed when the brake fails, also known as predictive braking.
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